Hypes are not necessarily negative. They provide energy to push technological and societal boundaries. One well-known framework to look at hypes is the Gartner Hype Cycle 
. However, I just found out about another way to look at hypes, five levels of hype by Johannes Klingebiel .
Klinegebiel's levels start at 'marketing claims' for existing technology, then go to exaggerated claims, utopian futures, magical thinking and 'othering'.
Trying to apply those levels, there is a danger of using catagories in an indiscriminate way. 'Crypto' is an example: there are obviously 'othering' and 'magical thinking' tendencies, but increasingly there are 'marketing claims'-level of applications.